HTML vs XHTML
Subject: html
🔍 HTML vs XHTML
Both HTML (HyperText Markup Language) and XHTML (Extensible HyperText Markup Language) are used to build web pages. However, they differ significantly in terms of syntax, rules, and browser handling.
🧱 What Is HTML?
- Standard markup language for web development
- Developed by W3C
- Not case-sensitive
- Forgiving: Allows missing tags and formatting errors
- Commonly used in modern websites (especially HTML5)
✅ Example:
🧾 What Is XHTML?
- Stricter version of HTML based on XML rules
- Requires well-formed code
- Tags must be lowercase, closed properly, and properly nested
- Attribute values must be quoted
- Originally aimed at making web documents more consistent
✅ Example:
🔑 Key Differences Between HTML and XHTML
| Feature | HTML | XHTML |
|---|---|---|
| Tag Case | Not case-sensitive | Must use lowercase |
| Tag Closure | Optional for some tags | All tags must be closed |
| Empty Elements | <br> | <br /> |
| Attribute Quotation | Optional | Mandatory |
| Error Tolerance | Browsers handle errors gracefully | Must be well-formed (strict) |
🧪 Example Comparison
✅ HTML Example
✅ XHTML Example
🤔 Which One Should You Use?
- ✅ Use HTML5 for modern web development (flexible, cleaner, more widely supported)
- ❗ Use XHTML only if you're integrating with XML systems or require strict validation
📌 Key Takeaway
- HTML is more flexible and browser-friendly.
- XHTML enforces strict syntax and follows XML rules.
- Today, HTML5 is the preferred standard for most projects due to its simplicity and browser support.
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